1 .Introduction
In
developing countries like India, the demand for affordable housing is
increasing rapidly. A two room set building generally consists of two rooms, a
kitchen, a toilet, and a bathroom, suitable for small families. Proper design
ensures efficient use of space, adequate ventilation, lighting, and structural
safety. [1] Estimation plays a vital role in determining the approximate cost
of construction before execution. This paper discusses the planning, basic design, and
estimation of a two room set residential building using standard assumptions and
conventional construction practices.
Objectives of the Case Study
1
To
prepare a suitable plan for a two room set building
2
To
understand basic design considerations
3
To
estimate quantities of major construction items
4
To
calculate approximate construction cost
5
To
provide academic reference for civil engineering students[2]
3. Planning of Two Room
Set Building
3.1 Accommodation Details
A typical two room set building includes:
1
One
living room
2
One
bedroom
3
One
kitchen
4
One
toilet and bathroom
5
Small
verandah (optional)
3.2 Area Statement (Assumed)
|
Room
|
Size
(m)
|
Area
(m²)
|
|
Living Room
|
4.0 × 3.5
|
14.0
|
|
Bedroom
|
3.5 × 3.0
|
10.5
|
|
Kitchen
|
3.0 × 2.5
|
7.5
|
|
Toilet &
Bath
|
2.0 × 1.5
|
3.0
|
|
Circulation
|
—
|
5.0
|
|
Total Plinth Area
|
|
40 m² (approx.)
|
4. Design Considerations
4.1 Foundation
The building is supported on an isolated/strip footing system, with the
foundation placed at a depth of 1.0 m below ground level. Plain cement concrete
(PCC) in the ratio of 1:4:8 was used for the foundation, providing a stable and
durable base for the reinforced concrete structure above.
4.2
Superstructure
The superstructure of the building consists of walls with a thickness of
230 mm for external walls and 115 mm for internal walls. Brick masonry was
constructed using cement mortar in the ratio of 1:6, ensuring adequate strength
and stability for the load-bearing and partition walls.
4.3 Flooring
The flooring of the building is constructed using cement concrete in the mix
ratio of 1:2:4, providing a strong and level base. The floor finish consists of
ceramic tiles, which offer durability, easy maintenance, and an aesthetically
pleasing appearance throughout the interior spaces.
4.4 Roof
The roof of the building consists of a reinforced cement concrete (RCC) slab
of M20 grade. The slab has a uniform thickness of 120 mm, providing sufficient
strength to support the imposed loads while ensuring durability and structural
stability.
4.5 Doors and
Windows
The building features a main door measuring 1.0 m × 2.1 m, providing the
primary entry to the structure. Internal doors are sized at 0.9 m × 2.0 m,
allowing access between rooms while maintaining privacy. Windows throughout the
building are 1.2 m × 1.2 m, ensuring adequate natural light and ventilation for
the interior spaces.
4.6 Finishing
The internal walls of the building are finished with a 12 mm thick plaster
using cement mortar in the ratio of 1:6, providing a smooth and even surface
for further decoration. External walls are plastered to a thickness of 15 mm
with cement mortar in the ratio of 1:4, ensuring durability and protection
against weathering. The internal walls are painted with distemper, while the
external walls are coated with cement paint to enhance aesthetics and provide
additional resistance to environmental exposure.
Fig. 1 Design
Considerations of Two Room Set Building [2]
5. Estimation of Two Room
Set Building
5.1 Estimation
Method
For this project, the plinth area method has been used to perform an
approximate estimation of the building cost. This method considers the total
built-up area of the structure and applies standard rates per unit area to
quickly estimate the overall construction cost. It provides a practical and
efficient approach for preliminary budgeting before detailed quantity take-offs
and cost calculations are carried out.
5.2 Plinth Area Rate (Assumed)
For the purpose of cost estimation, the plinth area of the building is
considered to be 40 m². An approximate rate of ₹18,000 per square meter has
been assumed, which allows for a preliminary calculation of the building cost
using the plinth area method. This rate includes material, labor, and basic
finishes, providing a practical basis for initial budgeting.
5.3 Total Estimated Cost
Total Cost
= Plinth Area × Rate
= 40 × 18,000
= ₹7,20,000
(Approx.)
6. Abstract Cost
Distribution
|
Item
|
Percentage
|
Cost (₹)
|
|
Foundation
|
15%
|
1,08,000
|
|
Superstructure
|
35%
|
2,52,000
|
|
Roofing
|
20%
|
1,44,000
|
|
Flooring
|
10%
|
72,000
|
|
Doors &
Windows
|
8%
|
57,600
|
|
Finishing
|
10%
|
72,000
|
|
Services
|
2%
|
14,400
|
|
Total
|
100%
|
7,20,000
|
Advantages
of Two Room Set Building
1
Economical
and affordable
2
Easy
construction and maintenance
3
Suitable
for small families
4
Efficient
utilization of space[3]
Limitations
1
Limited
accommodation space
2
Not
suitable for large families
3
Scope
of future expansion is limited[4-5]
7. Conclusion
The design and estimation of a two room set building have
been presented in this paper using standard assumptions and conventional
construction practices. The study shows that such buildings are economical and
suitable for small families. Proper planning, design, and estimation help in
cost control and successful execution of residential projects. This paper serves as a useful reference for civil engineering
diploma and degree students.