ABSTRACT:
The antibacterial properties of aqueous extracts of three species of wild mushrooms—Inonotus obliquus, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Tremetes versicolor—collected from the Achanakmar biosphere reserve area were examined using filter paper disc diffusion methods. These mushroom extracts were extremely effective at inhibiting the growth of bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MTCC 3541), Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 96), and Candida albicans (MTCC 854). In vitro tests showed that Inonotus obliquus and Tremetes versicolor had the strongest antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa (9.67±0.57 mm and 9.00±0.57 mm, respectively). The second organism to be tested was Pleurotus ostreatus, which had an inhibitory zone that measured 7.67±0.57 mm. Tremetes versicolor and Pleurotus ostreatus both produced inhibitory zones for Staphylococcus aureus, with the former producing a zone measuring 7.67±0.57 mm, and the latter producing a zone measuring 7.33±1.16 mm. Both Inonotus obliquus and Tremetes versicolor water extracts inhibited Candida albicans growth by the same amount, which was measured in millimeters and was achieved at a concentration of 312.5 µg/disc. These showed much improved statistical performance as compared to the extract of Pleurotus ostreatus (7.33 mm). These findings are reviewed in connection to the potential medicinal efficacy of the mushrooms that were investigated.
References
1.
Glamočlija J, Ćirić A, Nikolić M, Fernandes Â, Barros
L, Calhelha RC, Van Griensven LJ. Chemical characterization and biological
activity of Chaga (Inonotus obliquus), a medicinal “mushroom.” J
Ethnopharmacol. 2015;162:323–332.
2.
Younis AM, Wu FS, El Shikh HH. Antimicrobial activity
of extracts of the oyster culinary medicinal mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus
and identification of a new antimicrobial compound. Int J Med Mushrooms.
2015;17(6).
3.
Matijašević D, Pantić M, Rašković B, Pavlović V,
Duvnjak D, Sknepnek A, Nikšić M. The antibacterial activity of Coriolus
versicolor methanol extract and its effect on ultrastructural changes of Staphylococcus
aureus and Salmonella Enteritidis. Front Microbiol.
2016;7:1226.
4.
CANLI K, Benek A, Şenturan M, Akata İ, Altuner EM. In
vitro antimicrobial activity of Morchella esculenta and Trametes
versicolor. Mantar Dergisi. 2019;10(3):28–33.
5.
Lobiuc A, Pavăl NE, Mangalagiu II, Gheorghiță R,
Teliban GC, Amăriucăi-Mantu D, Stoleru V. Future antimicrobials: Natural and
functionalized phenolics. Molecules. 2023;28(3):1114.
6.
Fenneman AC, Weidner M, Chen LA, Nieuwdorp M, Blaser
MJ. Antibiotics in the pathogenesis of diabetes and inflammatory diseases of
the gastrointestinal tract. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol.
2023;20(2):81–100.
7.
Mkhize SS, Simelane MBC, Mongalo IN, Pooe OJ. The
effect of supplementing mushroom growing substrates on the bioactive compounds,
antimicrobial activity, and antioxidant activity of Pleurotus ostreatus.
Biochem Res Int. 2022.
8.
Nwobodo DC, Ugwu MC, Anie CO, Al‐Ouqaili MT, Ikem JC,
UVC, Saki M. Antibiotic resistance: The challenges and some emerging strategies
for tackling a global menace. J Clin Lab Anal. 2022;36(9):e24655.
9.
Poonia A. Bioactive compounds, nutritional profile and
health benefits of colostrum: A review. Food Prod Process Nutr.
2022;4(1):1–21.
10.
Keita K, Darkoh C, Okafor F. Secondary plant
metabolites as potent drug candidates against antimicrobial-resistant pathogens.
SN Appl Sci. 2022;4(8):209.
11.
Hamers V, Huguet C, Bourjot M, Urbain A. Antibacterial
compounds from mushrooms: A lead to fight ESKAPEE pathogenic bacteria? Planta
Med. 2021;87(5):351–367.
12.
Rustamova N, Bozorov K, Efferth T, Yili A. Novel
secondary metabolites from endophytic fungi: Synthesis and biological
properties. Phytochem Rev. 2020;19:425–448.
13.
Badalyan SM, Morel S, Barkhudaryan A, Rapior S.
Mushrooms as promising therapeutic resources: Review and future perspectives. Mushrooms
with Therapeutic Potentials: Recent Advances in Research and Development.
2023:1–54.
14.
Badalyan SM, Barkhudaryan A, Rapior S. Recent progress
in research on the pharmacological potential of mushrooms and prospects for
their clinical application. Medicinal Mushrooms: Recent Progress in Research
and Development. 2019:1–70.
15.
Elisashvili VI. Submerged cultivation of medicinal
mushrooms: Bioprocesses and products. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2012;14(3).
16.
Golak-Siwulska I, Kałużewicz A, Spiżewski T, Siwulski
M, Sobieralski K. Bioactive compounds and medicinal properties of oyster
mushrooms (Pleurotus sp.). Folia Hortic. 2018;30(2):191–201.
17.
Chang ST, Wasser SP. Current and future research
trends in agricultural and biomedical applications of medicinal mushrooms and
mushroom products. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2018;20(12).
18.
Thakur MP. Advances in mushroom production: Key to
food, nutritional and employment security: A review. Indian Phytopathol.
2020;73:377–395.
19.
Perevedentseva L. Use of wild-growing mushrooms for
therapeutic purposes in the Perm Territory, Russia. J Environ Sci Eng A.
2013;2(4A):236.
20.
Deepalakshmi K, Sankaran M. Pleurotus ostreatus:
An oyster mushroom with nutritional and medicinal properties. J Biochem
Technol. 2014;5(2):718–726.
21.
Veena SS, Pandey M. Physiological and cultivation
requirements of Trametes versicolor, a medicinal mushroom to diversify
Indian mushroom industry. Indian J Agric Sci. 2012;82(8):672.
22.
Kaplan Ö, Tosun NG, Özgür A, Tayhan SE, Bilgin S,
Türkekul İ, Gökce İ. Microwave-assisted green synthesis of silver nanoparticles
using crude extracts of Boletus edulis and Coriolus versicolor:
Characterization, anticancer, antimicrobial and wound healing activities. J
Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2021;64: 102641.
23.
Otieno OD, Onyango C, Onguso JM, Matasyoh LG, Wanjala
BW, Wamalwa M, Harvey JJ. Genetic diversity of Kenyan native oyster mushroom (Pleurotus).
Mycologia. 2015;107(1):32–38.
24.
Parola S, Chiodaroli L, Orlandi V, Vannin C, Panno L. Lentinula
edodes and Pleurotus ostreatus: Functional food with
antioxidant-antimicrobial activity and an important source of Vitamin D and
medicinal compounds. Funct Foods Health Dis. 2017;7(10):773–794.
25.
Boyle VJ, Fancher ME, Ross RW Jr. Rapid, modified
Kirby-Bauer susceptibility test with single, high-concentration antimicrobial
disks. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1973;3(3):418–424.
26.
Hudzicki J. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility
test protocol. Am Soc Microbiol. 2009;15: 55–63.
27.
Milyuhina AK, Zabodalova LA, Kyzdarbek U, Romazyaeva
IR, Kurbonova MK. Assessment of antimicrobial and antioxidant components of Inonotus
obliquus extract as a food ingredient. In: IOP Conf Ser: Earth Environ
Sci. 2021;689(1):012025.
28.
Kalaw SP, Albinto RF. Functional activities of
Philippine wild strain of Coprinus comatus and Pleurotus cystidiosus
grown on rice straw substrate. Mycosphere. 2014;5(5):646–655.